06 March 2013
Nicotine-induced cessation of embryonic development is reversed by γ-tocotrienol in mice
Yuhaniza Shafinie KamsaniBCDEF, Mohd Hamim RajikinABDEG, Nor-Ashikin Mohamed Nor KhanF, Nuraliza Abdul SatarF, Amar ChatterjeeABDEDOI: 10.12659/MSMBR.883822
Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:87-92
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of various doses of nicotine and protective effects of different concentrations of gamma-tocotrienol (gamma-TCT) on in vitro embryonic development and lipid peroxidation in mice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A) Effects of various doses of nicotine on in vitro embryonic development: Female mice were treated with 1.0, 3.0, or 5.0 mg/kg/day nicotine for 7 consecutive days. Animals were superovulated, cohabited overnight, and sacrificed. Embryos were cultured in vitro. Plasma was assayed. B) Effects of concomitant treatment of nicotine concurrently with various doses of gamma-TCT on in vitro embryonic development: Female mice were treated with nicotine (5.0 mg/kg/day), gavaged gamma-TCT of 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg/day or nicotine concurrently with gamma-TCT of 3 different doses for 7 consecutive days. Animals were superovulated, cohabited overnight, and sacrificed. Embryos were cultured and plasma was assayed.
RESULTS: A) Effects of various doses of nicotine on in vitro embryonic development: Number of hatched blastocysts decreased in 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/day nicotine groups. Nicotine at 5.0 mg/kg/day stopped embryo development at morula. MDA concentrations increased following all nicotine doses. B) Effects of concomitant treatment of nicotine concurrently with various doses of gamma-TCT on in vitro embryonic development: Embryo development was completed in all groups. MDA concentration increased only in the group treated with nicotine concurrently with 30 mg/kg/day gamma-TCT.
CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine impairs in vitro embryo development and increases MDA in plasma. The deleterious impact of nicotine on embryo development is reversed by supplementing gamma-TCT concurrently with nicotine.
Keywords: Nicotine - pharmacology, Malondialdehyde - blood, Lipid Peroxidation, Embryonic Development - drug effects, Embryo Culture Techniques - methods, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Chromans - pharmacology, Blastocyst - pathology, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - analysis, Time Factors, Vitamin E - pharmacology
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