21 December 2019 : Laboratory Research
Beneficial Effects of Ticagrelor on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-Induced Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Meini Kang1ABCDE, Shuai Shao2ABCDE, Yue Zhang2DEFG, Xue Liang2DEF, Kai Zhang2DEF, Guangping Li2AEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.917001
Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9811-9819
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ticagrelor is the first oral anti-platelet agent which has direct anti-platelet aggregation effect by combining with ADP P2Y12 receptors in platelets. It has been approved to reduce the incidence of thrombus cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients. However, the effects of ticagrelor on endothelial apoptosis have not been investigated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to establish a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis model. To investigate the effects of ticagrelor on endothelial apoptosis, the HUVECs were treated with different dose of ticagrelor. Apoptosis rates of HUVECs was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were assessed.
RESULTS: After treatment with 50 ug/mL ox-LDL or 100 ug/mL ox-LDL, we found that the late apoptosis and necrosis rate and the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased in HUVECs, whereas the expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, Bcl-2, eNOS, and NO were significantly decreased. Ticagrelor restored the apoptosis rate of ox-LDL-induced HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compared with ox-LDL group, ticagrelor treatment significantly increased the expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, Bcl-2, eNOS, and NO concentration, and significantly decreased the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that ox-LDL induced significant apoptosis and necrosis in our model, which was dose-dependently improved by ticagrelor. These changes might be explained by alterations in apoptosis and antioxidant pathways.
Keywords: Apoptosis Inducing Factor, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Receptors, Oxidized LDL, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Lipoproteins, LDL, Necrosis, Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, ticagrelor, bcl-2-Associated X Protein
Editorial
01 April 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: Forty Years of Waiting for Prevention and Cure of HIV Infection – Ongoing Challenges and Hopes for Vaccine Development and Overcoming Antiretroviral Drug ResistanceDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944600
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944600
In Press
21 Mar 2024 : Meta-Analysis
Economic Evaluation of COVID-19 Screening Tests and Surveillance Strategies in Low-Income, Middle-Income, a...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943863
10 Apr 2024 : Clinical Research
Predicting Acute Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19: Insights from a Specialized Cardiac Referral Dep...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.942612
06 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Enhanced Surgical Outcomes of Popliteal Cyst Excision: A Retrospective Study Comparing Arthroscopic Debride...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941102
06 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variation of Medical Comorbidities in Oral Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Study at Jazan ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943884
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952