01 March 2024: Human Study
Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Saudi Arabia’s Medical and Dental Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ahmad H. Jabali 1ABDEF , Hemant Ramesh Chourasia 1ABDEF* , Mohammed Y. Tarrosh 1ABDF , Yaser A. Alhazmi 2ABCD , Mohammed Y. Aljabri 2ABCD , Uma H. Chourasia 3ABCF , Abrar Hakami 4ABCF , Riyadh Alroomy 5ADEFDOI: 10.12659/MSMBR.942676
Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2024; 30:e942676
Table 6 Stepwise multiple linear regression of the DAS domains for the significant determinants for all participants and by the field of practice.
| Stress | Anxiety | Depression | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 95% CI for B | P | B | 95% CI for B | P | B | 95% CI for B | P | |
| (Constant)* | 13.6 | (8.7, 18.6) | 0.000 | 6.9 | (2.0, 11.8) | 0.006 | 14.8 | (10.2, 19.4) | 0.000 |
| Sex | 2.6 | (1.0, 4.2) | 0.002 | 1.9 | (0.4, 3.5) | 0.016 | |||
| Specialty | −1.6 | (−3.1, −0.1) | 0.041 | −3.8 | (−5.5, −2.1) | 0.000 | |||
| Sleeping hours | −3.7 | (−5.2, −2.2) | 0.000 | −2.2 | (−3.6, −0.8) | 0.003 | −2.1 | (−3.8, −0.5) | 0.011 |
| Time surfing social media, hours | 4.0 | (2.5, 5.6) | 0.000 | 2.8 | (1.3, 4.4) | 0.000 | 3.2 | (1.5, 5.0) | 0.000 |
| Smoking status | 2.0 | (1.1, 3.0) | 0.000 | 1.3 | (0.4, 2.2) | 0.005 | 1.1 | (0.1, 2.2) | 0.026 |
| Physical exercise | −1.6 | (−3.1, −0.1) | 0.042 | ||||||
| (Constant)* | 18.9 | (13.5, 24.3) | 0.000 | 10.3 | (6.7, 14.0) | 0.000 | 25.3 | (19.8, 30.8) | 0.000 |
| Specialty | −4.5 | (−6.6, −2.4) | 0.000 | ||||||
| Sleeping hours | −4.1 | (−6.0, −2.2) | 0.000 | −2.7 | (−4.4, −0.9) | 0.003 | −3.3 | (−5.3, −1.3) | 0.002 |
| Time surfing social media, hours | 4.1 | (2.1, 6.1) | 0.000 | 2.8 | (1.0, 4.6) | 0.002 | |||
| Smoking status | 1.8 | (0.7, 2.9) | 0.001 | 1.2 | (0.0, 2.4) | 0.047 | |||
| Physical exercise | −2.2 | (−4.1, −0.2) | 0.029 | −2.5 | (−4.5, −0.4) | 0.020 | |||
| (Constant)* | 20.6 | (12.1, 29.0) | 0.000 | 16.1 | (10.6, 21.5) | 0.000 | 7.2 | (3.6, 10.7) | 0.000 |
| Sex | 2.4 | (0.1, 4.8) | 0.045 | ||||||
| Age | −3.7 | (−6.2, −1.2) | 0.004 | −2.6 | (−4.0, −1.1) | 0.001 | |||
| Having children | −3.0 | (−5.2, −0.9) | 0.006 | ||||||
| Sleeping hours | −3.2 | (−5.7, −0.8) | 0.009 | 2.2 | (0.7, 3.8) | 0.006 | |||
| Time surfing social media, hours | 3.1 | (0.4, 5.8) | 0.022 | ||||||
| DAS – depression, anxiety, stress; CI – confidence interval; B – standardized regression coefficient. * The constant is the y-intercept in the model. It indicates the value of y (the dependent) when all of the x-variables (predictors) are 0. | |||||||||