10 October 2019 : Clinical Research
A Novel Approach for Imaging of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Using Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (CE-MRA), Short Inversion Time Inversion Recovery Sampling Perfection with Application-Optimized Contrasts Using Different Flip Angle Evolutions (T2-STIR-SPACE), and Volumetric Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (VIBE)
Tonghua Zhang1ABCDEFG, Zhengdao Xu1B, Jianxin Chen1B, Zongbao Liu2BG*, Tao Wang3A, Yijiang Hu1B, Liping Shen1B, Feifei Xue1BDOI: 10.12659/MSM.919358
Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7617-7623
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to introduce a novel method combining contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), short inversion time inversion recovery sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions (T2-STIR-SPACE) and volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences in the assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: CE-MRA, T2-STIR-SPACE, and VIBE techniques were employed to evaluate neurovascular bundles in 27 patients clinically suspected of TOS. Images were evaluated to determine the cause of neurovascular bundle compression. Surgical exploration was performed in patients with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results.
RESULTS: Twenty patients were found to be abnormal: 6 cases showed only neurogenic TOS and the correlates included infraclavicular hemangiomas (n=1) and transverse cervical artery (n=5). Arterial-neurogenic TOS was found in 4 cases, including subclavian lymph node metastasis from breast cancer (n=3) and schwannoma (n=1). Arterial-venous-neurogenic TOS was found in 1 subject, and the correlates included a fibrous band from the cervical rib and elongated C7 transverse process. In this case, the subclavian artery/vein was compressed dynamically. Venous–neurogenic TOS was noted in one subject. Nine patients were considered as post-traumatic TOS, including brachial plexus edema (n=3), the brachial plexus rupture (n=2), peri-brachial plexus effusion (n=3), and stenosis of the SCA (n=1). In the remaining 7 patients, MRI did not detect abnormalities.
CONCLUSIONS: TOS can be evaluated by CE-MRA, T2-STIR-SPACE, and VIBE during a single examination, with a reduced contrast material dose. This imaging modality performs well in showing the anatomical structure of the neurovascular bundle and the cause of the compression.
Keywords: Brachial Plexus, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Compression Syndromes, thoracic outlet syndrome, breath holding, Contrast Media, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Neurilemmoma
Editorial
01 April 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: Forty Years of Waiting for Prevention and Cure of HIV Infection – Ongoing Challenges and Hopes for Vaccine Development and Overcoming Antiretroviral Drug ResistanceDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944600
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944600
In Press
08 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Foot Structure in Preschool Children Based on Body MassMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943765
15 Apr 2024 : Laboratory Research
The Role of Copper-Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization in Protecting Cartilage Matrix in OsteoarthritisMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943738
07 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Clinical Trials: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 179 Male Third- and Fourt...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943468
08 Mar 2024 : Animal Research
Modification of Experimental Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Rat Pups by Single Exposure to Hyp...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943443
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952