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10 October 2019 : Laboratory Research  

The Effect of Ras Homolog C/Rho-Associated Coiled-Protein Kinase (Rho/ROCK) Signaling Pathways on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Myeloma Cells

Xianqi Feng1BDF, Ling Zhang2ACE, Shumin Nie3DF, Likun Zhuang4BE, Wei Wang1AD, Junxia Huang1CF, Xueshen Yan1BD, Fanjun Meng1AEG*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.915998

Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7605-7616

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of Ras homolog C/Rho-associated coiled-protein kinase (Rho/ROCK) signaling pathways intervention on biological characteristics of the human multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI-8226 and U266 cells, and to investigate the expression of RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in RPMI-8226 and U266 cells.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: RPMI8226 and U266 cell lines were treated by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-Dc), trichostatin A (TSA), RhoA inhibitor CCG-1423, Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, and ROCK inhibitor fasudil. Cell proliferation was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and clone formation. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively.

RESULTS: CCG-1423, NSC23766, and fasudil could significantly inhibit the proliferation of RPMI8226 and U266 cells. The inhibitory effect was dose- and time-dependent within a certain concentration range (P<0.05). After treatment with CCG-1423, NSC23766, and fasudil for 24 hours, the apoptosis rates of RPMI8226 and U266 cells were significantly higher than those of the control group, which were dose-dependent (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in RPMI8226 and U266 cells were significantly decreased with single 5-Aza-Dc or TSA treatment. However, the effects were obviously stronger after combined treatment of 5-Aza-CdR and TSA (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: We found that 5-Aza-Dc and TSA can effectively decrease the mRNA and protein expressions of RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2. Furthermore, Rho and ROCK inhibitors significantly inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis in the human multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI-8226 and U266.

Keywords: Multiple Myeloma, Population Characteristics, rho-Associated Kinases, 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, Azacitidine, Hydroxamic Acids, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, RNA, Messenger, rho GTP-Binding Proteins

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750