23 January 2020 : Clinical Research
Development and Identification of a Nomogram Prognostic Model for Patients with Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Liver
Ziying Zhang1BCDEF, Hui Xie2BCDE, Peng Chen3BCD, Peiguo Cao1ACEG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.919789
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919789
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) is an infrequent variant of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we retrospectively performed a large population-based cohort study to elucidate the relationships between demographic, carcinoma- and therapy-specific variables and overall survival (OS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried to extract data on 419 patients with pathologically confirmed PCCCL from 1988 to 2015. A nomogram with good accuracy was formulated to predict long-term survival of PCCCL patients.
RESULTS: The OS for PCCCL patients was 25.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.2–29 months), the overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 59.5%, 39.3%, and 29.9%, respectively. Log-rank analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant discrepancy in clinical outcome between PCCCL and common-type HCC after propensity-matched analysis. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that larger lesions (>96 mm), distant metastases and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were independent prognostic factors for undesirable outcome. Conversely, surgery was an independent protective factor (hazard ratio [HR]=0.23, 95% CI 0.17–0.31), which significantly boosted OS by virtually 35 months (47.3 months versus 12.7 months, P<0.001). Radiotherapy or chemotherapy was not associated with OS for PCCCL patients (both P>0.05). The nomogram incorporated 4 independent prognostic factors and its concordance index for predicting survival was 0.761.
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of PCCCL resembled that of common-type HCC. Larger lesions, distant metastases, and enhanced AFP levels were associated with unsatisfactory prognosis. Surgery fulfill favorable prognosis while radiotherapy or chemotherapy exerted no significant effects on survival.
Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, nomograms, SEER Program, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Cohort Studies, Databases, Genetic, Liver, Liver Neoplasms, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Rate
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