01 June 2020 : Animal Research
Sevoflurane Preconditioning Confers Delayed Cardioprotection by Upregulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Levels to Restore Autophagic Flux in Ischemia-Reperfusion Rat Hearts
Lei Hong1ABG, Ying Sun1ACD, Jian-Zhong An1DF, Chen Wang1EG*, Shi-Gang Qiao1EGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.922176
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922176
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning confers delayed cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) takes part in autophagy activation. Furthermore, autophagic flux is thought to be impaired after I/R. We hypothesized that delayed cardioprotection can restore autophagic flux by activating AMPK.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: All male rat hearts underwent 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion with or without sevoflurane exposure. AMPK inhibitor compound C (250 μg/kg, iv) was given at the reperfusion period. Autophagic flux blocker chloroquine (10 mg/kg, ip) was administrated 1 h before the experiment. Myocardial infarction, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) content, and cytochrome c were measured. To evaluate autophagic flux, the markers of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II, P62 and Beclin 1, and lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP 2) were analyzed.
RESULTS: The delayed cardioprotection enhanced post-ischemic AMPK activation, reduced infarction, CK-MB level, NAD⁺ content loss and cytochrome c release, and compound C blocked these effects. Sevoflurane restored impaired autophagic flux through a lower ratio of LC3II/LC3I, downregulation of P62 and Beclin 1, and higher expression in LAMP 2. Consistently, compound C inhibited these changes of autophagy flux. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment abolished sevoflurane-induced infarct size reduction, CK-MB level, NAD⁺ content loss, and cytochrome c release, with concomitant increase the ratios of LC3II/LC3I and levels of P62 and Beclin 1, but p-AMPK expression was not downregulated by chloroquine.
CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane exerts a delayed cardioprotective effects against myocardial injury in rats by activation of AMPK and restoration of I/R-impaired autophagic flux.
Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial, Cardiotonic Agents, Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Myocardium, Phosphorylation, sevoflurane
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