25 July 2018 : Laboratory Research
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARγ) Plays a Protective Role in Cigarette Smoking-Induced Inflammation via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling
Lingling Wang1ABCDEF, Yan Yin2BCD, Gang Hou2BCD, Jian Kang2BCD, Qiuyue Wang2AG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.909285
Med Sci Monit 2018; 24: LBR5168-5177
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor in multiple chronic pulmonary diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) g in cigarette smoking-induced inflammation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cigarette smoking extract (CSE) was employed to induce inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). After CSE administration, several autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, autophagy-related gene (ATG)5, ATG7, p62, and LC3) and PPARg levels were examined by western blot. Subsequently, PPARg agonists and antagonist were used to treat CSE-induced BECs, several inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2) and autophagy-related proteins were detected to measure the inflammatory and autophagy levels. Then LC3 knockdown was performed to verify the role of autophagy in CSE-induced inflammation. Finally, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream S6 kinase (S6K) were detected in CSE-stimulated BECs.
RESULTS: CSE administration caused insufficient autophagy and the decrease of PPARγ in BECs. The PPARγ agonists ameliorate the CSE-induced inflammation and promote the autophagy development, evidenced by the changes of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that the PPARγ played an anti-inflammatory role in an autophagy-dependent manner. In addition, CSE administration inactivated the AMPK signaling, which was restored by PPARγ agonists. The effects of PPARγ agonists on inflammation and autophagy could be abolished by AMPK inhibitor.
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that PPARγ played a protective role in CSE-induced inflammation and autophagy by activating AMPK signaling in BECs, which may provide investigation basis for clinical therapy of chronic pulmonary diseases.
Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, PPAR gamma, Smoking
Editorial
01 May 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: First Regulatory Approval for Adoptive Cell Therapy with Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) – Lifileucel (Amtagvi)DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944927
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944927
In Press
12 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Preoperative Blood Transfusion Requirements for Hemorrhoidal Severe Anemia: A Retrospective Study of 128 Pa...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943126
12 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and 3 (TIMP-3) as New Markers of Acute Kidney Injury Afte...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943500
12 Mar 2024 : Review article
Optimizing Behçet Uveitis Management: A Review of Personalized Immunosuppressive StrategiesMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943240
12 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Metabolomic Alterations in Methotrexate Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe PsoriasisMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943360
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952